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Kazimierz-Juliusz Coal Mine

Silesia

In 1938, two mines in Sosnowiec were merged: Kazimierz Coal Mine (1884) and Juliusz Coal Mine (1914), creating the Kazimierz-Juliusz Coal Mine in Kazimierz Górniczy in Sosnowiec. In 1945 Dorota Coal Mine joined the complex. It was the last European mine where coal was extracted in a unique system. Due to the enormous deposit angle, a longwall shearer did not work there (as in other Polish coal mines). Explosives were placed in the mining walkway, and after the detonation, the crushed excavated material was placed on a belt conveyor. In May 2015, the last tonne of coal was mined, and the mine was decommissioned in 2019.

An estimated 1,400 girls are not born every year in Armenia due to a rooted preference for male children. The son-bias combined with a lower birth rate, has led to an alarming number of sex-selective abortions. Community activities, various laws and television shows are addressing the issue - with positive results. But is the actual problem being tackled?