How climate change affects agriculture and grapes

Farmers in India are adopting natural farming methods to mitigate the impact of extreme weather conditions. The state of Andhra Pradesh is a prime example of the benefits of such solutions. Organic matter is used as fertilizers and pesticides, making crops more resilient to unfavorable weather. This method results in soil that can absorb more water, and stronger roots that help plants withstand strong winds. A mixture of cow urine, unrefined sugar (jaggery), and other organic materials is used to protect crops such as corn, rice, and vegetables.

Over the past 18 months, British farmers have experienced exceptionally wet weather conditions, resulting in significant damage to both crops and livestock. The Met Office reports that from October 2022 to March 2024, an unprecedented 1,696 mm of rain fell, marking the highest recorded rainfall in a 1.5-year period. This weather pattern has forced the UK to rely on wheat imports, and farmers have warned of the potential for food shortages.

Warmer and drier conditions have led to a decrease in areas suitable for growing grapes. According to specialists from the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment, if the world does not reduce greenhouse gas emissions, up to 90% of traditional wine-growing regions in Spain, Italy, Greece, and southern California could be at risk due to extreme warming scenarios. However, grapevines are highly adaptable and can grow in various climates and conditions.